October 2, 2024
3 min learn
Debate Linguistics Reveals the Politics at Play within the 2024 Election
Linguist and sociophonetician Nicole Holliday analyzes the language utilized by candidates within the current presidential and vice presidential debates
In election debates, language issues. So Scientific American reached out to a linguist for knowledgeable evaluation of the current presidential and vice presidential debates.
Nicole Holliday is an performing affiliate professor of linguistics on the College of California, Berkeley, and a sociophonetician—somebody who research the connection between language and social id. A part of her analysis facilities on political speech, and he or she’s writing a e-book about what it means to sound presidential. We beforehand spoke with Holliday on our podcast Science Shortly. In that episode, she talked about her work on the talking fashion of present vice chairman and presidential candidate Kamala Harris, whom she has studied since 2019. Within the movies under, Holliday identifies the attention-grabbing linguistic patterns of all of the candidates.
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Breaking down Kamala Harris’s speech patterns within the current presidential debate
All through this election cycle, Holliday has seen Harris sounding extra formal, polished and “traditionally presidential.” In September’s presidential debate, Harris even borrowed a phrase from former president Barack Obama when she tailored his well-known chorus “let me be clear” to her personal “let’s be clear.” However Holliday factors out that though Harris has taken on a extra mainstream method of talking, notably on points such because the financial system and immigration, she nonetheless displays options of African American English when she talks about extra private topics resembling race and ladies’s rights. On this video Holliday explains how Harris nonetheless seemed like herself within the debate, simply doing so “in the model of a presidential speaker.”
Trump’s New York accent may come out when he feels threatened
Presidential candidates typically drop a few of their regional accents and undertake extra mainstream options with a purpose to sound extra formal or presidential, Holliday explains. Each Harris and former president Donald Trump do that to various levels. However generally that “sociolinguistic monitor” slips, and a candidate’s accent comes by means of extra strongly. This occurred within the presidential debate, when Trump repeatedly pronounced terror as “terr-ah” and horrible as “harrible.” On this video, Holliday explains a concept for why this occurred based mostly on a tactic utilized in linguistic analysis.
How the vice presidential candidates tried to “out-Midwestern” one another of their current debate
Within the vice presidential debate Senator J. D. Vance of Ohio and Governor Tim Walz of Minnesota each leaned closely into their Midwestern id, Holliday says. They employed a traditional Midwestern congeniality, typically referred to as “Minnesota nice,” and repeatedly referred to their humble middle-American upbringing. In distinction to their operating mates—a billionaire from New York Metropolis and a lady of shade from California, respectively—Walz and Vance are each seen as extra “default,” Holliday says, and the vice presidential candidates aimed to bolster that “regular guy” standing by means of their language within the debate.
How phrase selections replicate our political leanings
Folks can stay in very completely different linguistic worlds, relying on their political leanings and media atmosphere, Holliday explains on this video. She introduces us to a linguistic phenomenon referred to as a “shibboleth,” which is a phrase, phrase or pronunciation that distinguishes one group from one other. Specific phrases used [AS12] by Vance within the vice presidential debate, resembling “illegal aliens” and “criminal migrants,” are shibboleths that sign his political alignment.
